Cross-Cultural Understanding
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 18 Iraqis Killed, 100 Injured, in Clashes Between Mahdi Militiamen and Iraqi Forces, Sadrists Declare Civil Disobedience, US Forces Surround Sadr City Sadrist bloc suspends participation in 
		parliament meetings  The leader of the Sadrist bloc in the Iraqi 
		parliament announced on Tuesday that his bloc will stop attending the 
		legislative meetings until the military operation against its elements 
		is over. Sadrist officials called on Monday for an open-ended civil disobedience, which has already begun in the western Baghdad neighborhoods of al-Shurta, al-Bayya, al-Amil, and al-Risala. Nassar al-Rubaei had said earlier that Sadrists expanded the civil disobedience they started to include all provinces. He called on citizens to support this disobedience, demanding that the government implement the Sadrists' demands. Basra has been a hotbed of fierce armed confrontations since yesterday between security forces and armed groups, during which 15 civilians were killed and 100 others were wounded. For his part, lawmaker Ahmad al-Masoudi from the 
		Sadrist bloc told the VOI that "the bloc decided not to attend today's 
		session as a sign of protest against targeting civilians and arresting 
		campaigns against Sadrists throughout Iraq." "There would be other options if the government 
		failed to respond to these demands," said Saadi, not determining the 
		nature of these "options." U.S. forces surround Sadr city 
		 U.S. forces surrounded Sadr city, eastern 
		Baghdad, while the Baghdad Operations Command imposed a curfew on it as 
		of this afternoon until Wednesday morning, the official spokesman for 
		the Baghdad's operations said on Tuesday. Atta did not mention any further details. Power went off at some parts of Sadr city, while 
		people there rushed to buy foodstuff preparing for security 
		deterioration. He added "People are afraid that U.S. forces may conduct wide-scale attacks and raid operations in the city." VOI contacted Abdul Latef Ryan, media counselor 
		of Multi national forces (MNF) in Iraq, to comment on this issue, but he 
		said that MNF will issue a release in this regard. Sadrists expand civil disobedience to all 
		provinces   Sadrists expanded the civil disobedience they started to include all provinces, the spokesman for the Sadrist bloc said on Tuesday. "The Sadrist bloc announced the expansion of the civil 
		disobedience to include all provinces in Iraq," Nassar al-Rubaei said at 
		a press conference held in Baghdad. Sadrist officials called on Monday for an open-ended 
		civil disobedience, which has already begun in the western Baghdad 
		neighborhoods of al-Shurta, al-Bayya, al-Amil, and al-Risala. "There would be other options if the government failed 
		to respond to these demands," said Saadi, not determining the nature of 
		these "options." "Stores closed down, schooling stopped, and service 
		departments are off in and around al-Jihad neighborhood," a local 
		resident of al-Jihad told VOI. "Sunni Muslims took part in the protest in solidarity 
		with the Sadrists, whose neighborhoods are targets for detentions and 
		raids," a local resident of al-Aamil neighborhood said. 18 people killed, 100 wounded in Basra 
		as clashes continue  Medical sources in Basra city said on Tuesday 
		that the hospitals there received more than 18 corpses, three of them 
		were for police elements, since a wide-range security plan was imposed 
		in the city yesterday. A few hours after the implementation of the 
		Iraqi government's security plan in Basra, Cavalries' Attack, on Monday 
		evening, fierce clashes erupted in almost all areas of the city and its 
		suburbs after midnight, between security forces and gunmen, causing 
		casualties and injuries, according to eyewitnesses.  Another health source in Basra told VOI on 
		condition of anonymity "Sadr hospital received on Tuesday three 
		policemen's corpses." A release issued by the National Defense Center 
		imposed a curfew on the city until further announcement.  He added "three people that work for the al-Gzeza 
		gasoline station were wounded." One of the eyewitnesses asserted that an 
		artillery' shell hit a residential house, but without knowing the 
		casualties.  In al-Tmaima neighborhood (city center), 
		considered the gunmen's stronghold in Basra, eyewitnesses said to VOI 
		that a big force, supported by jet fighters and helicopters, surrounded 
		the area, and started an operation to control the neighborhood after 
		heavy clashes. Another eyewitness said that gunmen currently 
		control al-Kuwait Street, and are using tall buildings there as 
		surveillance points.     "I heard the sounds of jet fighters bombarding 
		some targets," the eyewitness said.  He added "gunmen forced tanks and Hummer 
		vehicles to withdraw from the main street, and they devastated some of 
		them, setting them on fire." In al-Garma area (15 km north of Basra city), 
		VOI's reporter witnessed heavy clashes between gunmen and guards of 
		Basra gate, using light weapons and RPG7 missiles. 
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